Request & response bodies

The generator resolves every method parameter and return type in the abstract controllers from the spec. An object request body becomes a typed, validated Data param; an object response schema becomes a typed return. Where the spec cannot be mapped to a single Data class, the generator falls back to Illuminate\Http\Request (request side) or Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse (response side) and emits a warning.

Method signatures

The generator resolves the type of each parameter and return value from the spec:

Spec element	Generated type
Request body referencing a component `$ref` (non-readOnly schema)	Typed Data param, e.g. `PetData $pet`
Request body referencing a component `$ref` (schema with writeOnly fields)	Write-variant Data param, e.g. `PetWritableData $pet`
Inline JSON object request body (no `$ref`)	Synthesized per-operation Data param, e.g. `CreatePetRequestData $body`
`multipart/form-data` object request body (inline or schema `$ref`)	Synthesized per-operation Data param with `UploadedFile` file parts, e.g. `UploadPetImageRequestData $body`
`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` object request body (inline, schema `$ref`, or component `$ref`)	Synthesized per-operation Data param, e.g. `UpdatePetRequestData $body`
Request body referencing a component `$ref` (`#/components/requestBodies/...`)	Resolved to the component and typed through the same content-type logic
Request body that is not an object shape (array, scalar, union, enum, free-form map) or a whole-body raw binary (octet-stream)	`Illuminate\Http\Request $request`
`in: query` parameters on a body-less operation	Per-operation query Data param, e.g. `FindPetsByStatusQueryData $query` (see Parameters)
`in: query` parameters on an operation with a request body	No extra param; the docblock points at `<Operation>QueryData::fromQuery($request)`
Response that is a single object `$ref`	Data class, e.g. `PetData`
Inline object response schema (no `$ref`)	Synthesized per-operation Data return, e.g. `GetPetResponseData`
Response that is an array of objects	`Spatie\LaravelData\DataCollection` with `@return DataCollection<int, PetData>` docblock
Selected success response is a 204	`void`; the generated route sets the 204 and guarantees the empty body
Non-JSON success response (binary download, text/html)	`Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response` with a warning (return a `BinaryFileResponse` / `StreamedResponse`)
Success response with no declared content	`Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse`

When a request body references a schema that splits fields with readOnly and writeOnly, the generated method uses the write variant (...WritableData). This is the same variant the model generator produces. See generated output for how the split works.

An inline object body follows the same rule: when its properties carry readOnly flags, the synthesized <Operation>RequestData class is emitted as the write shape (readOnly fields dropped), because a request body is input by definition.

Object bodies are typed across JSON, multipart/form-data, and application/x-www-form-urlencoded, including a body expressed as a component reference ($ref: '#/components/requestBodies/...'), which resolves to the referenced component and routes through the same content-type logic. A body that is not an object shape (an array, a scalar, a union, an enum, a free-form map) or a whole-body raw binary (octet-stream) falls back to a plain Illuminate\Http\Request parameter, because there is no single Data class to type it against.

Inline request bodies

An operation whose JSON request body is an inline object schema (declared directly under content, not a $ref to a component) gets a synthesized per-operation Data class, named from the operationId (or the method+path fallback) plus a RequestData suffix, mirroring the <Operation>QueryData naming. It lives next to the model Data classes, in the same namespace and output directory, and is drift-checked like every other generated file.

The class goes through the exact pipeline a component schema uses: spec-derived rules() (enums, bounds, formats, array element rules, defaults), nested inline objects spawning their own classes (CreatePetRequestHomeData for a nested home object), additionalProperties: false enforcement, and the readOnly/writeOnly write shape. The controller method receives the typed param, so an inline body validates before your code runs, exactly like a $ref body:

paths:
  /pets:
    post:
      operationId: createPet
      requestBody:
        content:
          application/json:
            schema:
              type: object
              required: [name]
              properties:
                name: { type: string, maxLength: 20 }

abstract public function createPet(CreatePetRequestData $body): JsonResponse;

Naming is deterministic and collision-safe: when a component schema already claimed the name (a component literally called CreatePetRequest), the synthesized class takes a numeric suffix (CreatePetRequestData_2) through the same allocator that deduplicates component names.

Only an object schema synthesizes a class. An inline body that is an array, a scalar, a oneOf/anyOf union, an enum, or a free-form map (additionalProperties only) keeps the Illuminate\Http\Request fallback with a generator warning, because no single Data class can type it; see Request bodies that fall back to Request.

Multipart bodies and file uploads

An operation whose request body declares multipart/form-data with an object schema gets the same synthesized <Operation>RequestData class as a JSON body, with one multipart-specific mapping: a root property of type: string, format: binary is an uploaded file, typed Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile and validated with Laravel’s file rule. When the part pins its media type via contentMediaType (an OpenAPI 3.1 / JSON Schema keyword), a mimetypes: rule is added; Laravel’s wildcard form (image/*) is supported. An array of binary items becomes a typed array<int, UploadedFile> with the spec’s minItems/maxItems bounds and a per-item field.* => file rule. Every non-binary part is validated exactly like a JSON body field, through the same rules pipeline.

paths:
  /pets/upload:
    post:
      operationId: uploadPetImage
      requestBody:
        content:
          multipart/form-data:
            schema:
              type: object
              required: [image]
              properties:
                image: { type: string, format: binary, contentMediaType: image/png }
                caption: { type: string, maxLength: 80 }

final class UploadPetImageRequestData extends Data
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly UploadedFile $image,
        public readonly ?string $caption = null,
    ) {}

    public static function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'image' => ['required', 'file', 'mimetypes:image/png'],
            'caption' => ['sometimes', 'string', 'max:80'],
        ];
    }
}

abstract public function uploadPetImage(UploadPetImageRequestData $body): JsonResponse;

spatie/laravel-data hydrates the UploadedFile straight from the multipart request, so the implementation receives a ready $body->image to store.

Four boundaries to know about:

JSON wins on a tie. An operation declaring BOTH application/json and multipart/form-data keeps the JSON typing: the scaffold validates one body shape, and JSON is the established, richer mapping. The multipart variant of such an operation is the implementer’s responsibility.
Schema $ref bodies are re-emitted, not reused. A multipart body whose schema is a $ref to an object component gets a fresh per-operation class instead of the component’s Data class: the component was emitted with JSON semantics, where a binary string is a plain string whose string rule would false-reject every actual upload.
Only root properties are file parts. A format: binary string nested inside an object property sits in a JSON-serialized part and keeps its plain string typing.
No file-size rule is derived. OpenAPI has no standard keyword for a file’s byte size (maxLength bounds a string’s character length, and Laravel’s file max: counts kilobytes), so no max: is invented. Add size limits in your concrete controller (or middleware) if you need them.

A multipart body that is not an object shape (a bare binary schema, an array, a union) keeps the Illuminate\Http\Request fallback with a generator warning, exactly like the non-object inline JSON bodies.

Form-urlencoded bodies

An operation whose request body declares application/x-www-form-urlencoded with an object schema gets the same synthesized <Operation>RequestData class as a JSON body, validated by the same spec-derived rules(). Laravel parses urlencoded input into $request->all() exactly like a JSON body, so no special handling is needed and the controller receives the typed, validated param. This works for an inline schema, a schema $ref, and a component $ref (#/components/requestBodies/...).

When an operation declares several media types, precedence is JSON > multipart > form-urlencoded: JSON always wins, so a body declaring both application/json and form-urlencoded is typed against the JSON shape. A form-urlencoded body that is not an object shape keeps the Illuminate\Http\Request fallback with a generator warning.

Inline object responses

When an operation’s selected success response declares an inline object schema (directly under content, not a $ref to a component), the generator synthesizes a per-operation <Operation>ResponseData class and types it as the abstract method’s return, symmetric with the inline request body. It is the read variant: readOnly properties stay and writeOnly properties drop, because a response is server output. The class goes through the same model pipeline as any component schema (nested objects, rules, the tag-group placement).

paths:
  /pets/{petId}:
    get:
      operationId: getPet
      responses:
        '200':
          content:
            application/json:
              schema:
                type: object
                properties:
                  id: { type: integer }
                  name: { type: string }

abstract public function getPet(int $petId): GetPetResponseData;

A component $ref response (#/components/responses/...) resolves the same way: a wrapped schema $ref reuses that component’s Data class, and an inline object component response emits one shared <Component>ResponseData class for every referencing operation. The response status codes semantics are unchanged: an inline 204 stays void, and a non-200 inline success keeps its RespondsWithStatus middleware. An inline success response that is not an object shape (an array, a scalar, a oneOf/anyOf union, an enum, a free-form map) keeps the JsonResponse fallback with a warning, exactly like the non-object inline request bodies; see Responses that fall back to JsonResponse.

Response status codes

The success status your spec declares is the status the scaffold produces. For each operation the generator selects the success response that also drives the return type (the numerically smallest 2xx status); when that status is not 200, the generated route attaches the RespondsWithStatus middleware with the declared code as its parameter:

use App\Data\Support\RespondsWithStatus;

Route::post('/pets', [PetController::class, 'createPet'])->name('createPet')->middleware(RespondsWithStatus::class.':201');

Your concrete controller keeps returning the plain Data object; no response() helpers, no status constants. RespondsWithStatus is inlined into your own <output>/Support/ directory alongside the rule classes, so the generated output stays self-contained with no runtime dependency on the generator. The middleware rewrites the framework-default success status (any 2xx) to the declared one. That default is not always 200: spatie/laravel-data serializes a Data object returned from a POST as 201 Created, so a declared 202 (or any other non-201 success) on a mutating Data-returning operation is honored even though the framework produced a 201. An error response (404, 422, 500, …) or a redirect passes through untouched, and a handler that explicitly set its own non-2xx status keeps it.

204 No Content gets dedicated treatment. A 204 must not carry a body (RFC 9110), so the abstract method for an operation whose selected success response is a 204 is typed void: the implementation returns nothing, and the route middleware sets the 204 and guarantees the empty body.

/**
 * DELETE /pets/{petId}
 *
 * Responds with HTTP 204: return nothing, the generated route sets the status.
 */
abstract public function destroy(int $petId): void;

Only the selected success response drives this. An operation that declares several 2xx responses (say a 201 and a 202) is typed and status-enforced against the smallest one; producing one of the other declared statuses remains your code’s responsibility (return a response object with the status set explicitly, the middleware never overrides a non-200). See limitations.

Request bodies that fall back to Request, with a warning

Object request bodies no longer fall back, across every form. An inline JSON object body synthesizes a per-operation <Operation>RequestData class with the full rules() pipeline and a typed controller param (issue #76, see inline request bodies). A multipart/form-data object body synthesizes the same class with UploadedFile typing and file / mimetypes: rules for its binary parts (issue #75, see multipart bodies). An application/x-www-form-urlencoded object body routes through the same synthesizer (issue #130: Laravel parses urlencoded input into $request->all() exactly like JSON, so the same spec-derived rules validate it). A body that is a $ref into components.requestBodies resolves to the referenced component and routes through the same content-type logic (issue #110). When several media types are declared, precedence is JSON > multipart > form-urlencoded. The remaining fallbacks:

A body that is not an object shape: an array, a scalar, a oneOf/anyOf union, an enum, or a free-form map (additionalProperties only), in any media type. No single Data class can type these; for multipart this includes the whole-body binary form (schema: {type: string, format: binary}).
A whole-body raw binary body (application/octet-stream): there is no object schema to map to a Data class, so read and validate it from the Request yourself (issue #119).
A body schema $ref that is external or does not resolve to a generated Data class.

Multipart residuals on the bodies that ARE generated (issue #75): no file-size rule is derived (OpenAPI has no standard keyword for a file’s byte size; maxLength bounds a string’s character length and Laravel’s file max: counts kilobytes, so no clean mapping exists), the encoding.contentType map of a multipart media type is not read (only the schema-level contentMediaType keyword feeds mimetypes:), a format: binary string nested below the body root stays a plain string (it sits inside a JSON-serialized part), and an operation declaring BOTH application/json and multipart/form-data keeps the JSON typing (documented precedence).

Responses that fall back to JsonResponse

A response that is a $ref into components.responses resolves to the referenced component and types the return (issue #116), and an inline object response schema synthesizes a per-operation <Operation>ResponseData return (issue #129). The remaining fallbacks:

An inline response schema that is not an object shape: an array, a scalar, a oneOf/anyOf union, an enum, or a free-form map. Only an object shape can name a return Data class.
A response $ref whose JSON schema is not an object shape (a scalar or array alias, an enum, a map), or an unresolvable response $ref (external, #/paths/..., missing, or ref-to-ref).
A response with no JSON content: a non-JSON-only success (a binary download, text/html) is typed as the base Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response with a warning (issue #118), so your method can return a BinaryFileResponse or StreamedResponse with no type error; a response with no declared content at all keeps the JsonResponse default.

These warn, except a $ref selected for a 204 (the method is void either way, so nothing degrades).

An unresolvable parameter $ref (external or dangling) is dropped from its operation, also with a warning naming the pointer.